ANALISIS DAYA SAING HARGA PARIWISATA INDONESIA: PENDEKATAN ELASTISITAS PERMINTAAN

Authors

  • Rayinda Citra Utami Asisten Deputi Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kebijakan Kepariwisataan, Kementerian Pariwisata
  • Djoni Hartono Fakultas Ekonomi Universitas Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47608/jki.v11i12016.93-118

Keywords:

price competitiveness, tourism demand elasticity EC-LAIDS model

Abstract

Tourism in Indonesia is highly potential, yet it has not given its optimum achievement. The World Economic Forum (WEF) in 2013 ranked Indonesia the 6th and 38th of 140 countries for natural and cultural resources respectively. The rank was far above Thailand and Malaysia. The price competitiveness index of Indonesian tourism ranked 9 of 140 countriesin the same year, yet it doesn’t guarantee the revenue of the tourist destination. If the demand for a destination is inelastic to price, then the price reduction strategy is not able to increase foreign exchange earnings of the destination. Hence, the elasticity of demand precise approach is used to measure the competitiveness of tourism in terms of price. This study used Almost Ideal Demand System models to examine Indonesia’s competitiveness as a tourism destination in comparison with its competitors. Price elasticity suggested that Indonesia is more competitive than Thailand according to the Australian and American tourists. The study also found that Indonesia is more competitive than Malaysia according to the American tourists. The results also indicated that price is the main determinant which influence the spending allocation of tourist in all three countries. By knowing the position of Indonesian tourism competitiveness against competitor countries, the campaign strategies can be created from each country rating in accordance with market demand characteristics. Policy recommendations below are suggested to increase earnings from tourism sector in Indonesia, among others: the need for an appropriate pricing strategy and maintain the stability of domestic inflation, the need to monitor price trends from the competitor countries, and the need for tourism industry cooperation.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Blanke, J., & Chiesa, T. (2013). The Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Report 2013: Reducing Barriers to Economic Growth and Job Creation. Geneva, Switzerland: World Economic Forum.

EViews 6 User’s Guide II. (2007). Quantitative Micro Software, LLC. United States of America.

Forsyth, P., & Dwyer, L. (2009). Tourism Price Competitiveness. The Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Report,Cchapter 1.6. World Economic Forum.

Nachrowi, D. N., & Usman, H. (2006). Pendekatan Populer dan Praktis Ekonometrika untuk Analisis Ekonomi dan Keuangan. Jakarta: Lembaga Penerbit Fakultas Ekonomi Universitas Indonesia.

Ritchie, J. R. B., & Crouch, G. I. (2003). The Competitive Destination: A Sustainable Tourism Perspective. Wallingford: CABI Publishing.

Universitas Indonesia (2008). Pedoman Teknis Penulisan Tugas Akhir Mahasiswa Universitas Indonesia.

Cortes-Jimenez, I., Durbarry, R., & Pulina, M. (2009). Estimation of outbound Italian tourism demand: a monthly dynamic EC-LAIDS model. Tourism Economics, 15 (3), 547—565.

Crouch, G.I. (1996). Demand Elasticities in International Marketing: a Meta-Analytical Application of Tourism. Journal of Business Research, 36, 117—136.

Crouch, G.I. & Ritchie, J.R.B. (1999). Tourism, Competitiveness, and Societal Prosperity. Journal of Business Research, 44, 137—152.

De Mello, M., Pack, A., & Sinclair, M. T. (2002). A System of Equations Model of UK Tourism Demand in Neighbouring Countries. Applied Economics, 34 (4), 509—521.

Deaton, A. S., & Muellbauer, J. (1980). an almost Ideal Demand System. American Economic Review, 70 (3), 312—326.

Divisekera, S. (2003). A Model of Demand for International Tourism. Annuals of Tourism Research, 30, 31—49.

Durbarry, R., & Sinclair, M.T. (2003). Market Shares Analysis: the Case of French Tourism Demand. Annuals of Tourism Research, 30 (4), 927—941.

Dwyer, L., Forsyth, P., & Rao, P. (2000). The Price Competitiveness of Travel and Tourism: a Comparison of 19 Destinations. Tourism Management, 21 (1), 9—22.

d’Harteserre, A. (2000). Lessons in Managerial Destination Competitiveness in the Case of Foxwoods Casino Resort. Tourism Management, 21(1), 23—32.

Go, F., & Govers, R. (2000). Integrated Quality Management for Tourist Destinations: a European Perspectives on Achieving Competitiveness. Tourism Management, 21 (1), 79—88.

Li, G., Song, H., Cao, Z., & Wu, D. C. (2013). How Competitive is Hongkong against its Competitors? An Econometric Study. Tourism Management, 36, 247—256.

Li, G., Song, H., & Witt, S. F. (2004). Modelling Tourism Demand: a Dynamic Linear AIDS Approach. Journal of Travel Research, 43, 141—150.

Lyssiotou, P. (2000). Dynamic Analysis of British Demand for Tourism Abroad. Empirical Economics, 15, 421—436.

Mangion, M., Durbarry, R., & Sinclair, M. T. (2005). Tourism Competitiveness: Price and Quality. Tourism Economics, 11 (1), 45—68.

Martin, C., & Witt, S. (1987). Tourism Demand Forecasting Models: Choice of Appropriate Variable to Represent Tourist’s Cost of Living. Tourism Management, 8, 233—246.

Morley, C. L. (1994). The use of CPI for Tourism Prices in Demand Modelling. Tourism Management, 15 (5), 342—346.

Prideaux, B. (2000). The Role of the Transport System in Destination Development. Tourism Management, 21 (1), 53—64.

Song, H., Li, G., Witt, S. F., & Fei, B. (2010). Tourism Demand Modelling and Forecasting: How Should Demand be Measured? Tourism Economics, 16 (1), 63—81.

Stone, J. R. N. (1954). Linear Expenditure Systems and Demand Analysis : an Application to the Pattern of British Demand. Economic Journal, 64, 511-527.

Downloads

Published

2017-07-08

How to Cite

Utami, R. C., & Hartono, D. (2017). ANALISIS DAYA SAING HARGA PARIWISATA INDONESIA: PENDEKATAN ELASTISITAS PERMINTAAN. Jurnal Kepariwisataan Indonesia: Jurnal Penelitian Dan Pengembangan Kepariwisataan Indonesia, 11(1), 93–118. https://doi.org/10.47608/jki.v11i12016.93-118

Issue

Section

Articles